The Nicaea 325 Project visualizes the geographical distribution of the First Council's attendees, mapping them against the administrative structure of the Roman Empire as it existed in AD 325.

Rather than plotting individual locations, the accompanying map aggregates the data to display the total participant count for each province (e.g., Hellespontus: 5, Palaestina: 21, Hispania Baetica: 2). This quantitative approach uniquely illustrates the demographic and political 'center of gravity' of the 4th-century Christian world, vividly contrasting the dense participation from the East (Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor) with the sparse attendance from the West.

The Nicaea 325 Project: A Database and Geographical Analysis of the First Council's Attendees

The Nicaea 325 Project is a comprehensive analysis of all known and reputed attendees of the First Council (AD 325). This study involved a critical examination of over 400 individual records, including bishops, presbyters, deacons, those whose cases were judged in absentia, and names considered spurious or anachronistic.

After rigorously assessing the attestation certainty for each entry—separating participants confirmed by primary manuscript traditions (Greek, Latin, Syriac, Coptic) from those found only in later, secondary, or variant lists—this research concludes that the total number of bishops who definitively attended, were formally represented, or were tried at the council exceeds 250.

Visualizing the Council

This database is used to power the accompanying map, which visualizes the geographical distribution of attendees within the administrative structure of the Roman Empire (as it existed in 325 AD).

Rather than plotting individual bishops, the map displays the total number of participants from each province (e.g., Hellespontus: 5, Palaestina: 21, Hispania Baetica: 2). This approach uniquely illustrates the demographic and political 'center of gravity' of the 4th-century Christian world, showing the dense participation from regions like Aegyptus, Syria, and Asia Minor, versus the sparse attendance from the West.

Database List of attendees of the Council of Nicaea in 325 (v1.12)

The map is based on a comprehensive, open-source Google Sheet that provides the detailed data behind these numbers. This database is a dedicated research project meticulously compiled and cross-referenced from all major historical manuscript traditions (Greek, Latin, Syriac, Coptic, and Armenian).

This is more than just a list of names. The database provides a deep, multi-dimensional analysis of the council, including:

• Theological Factions: Participants are categorized into their political and theological factions, such as the 'Pro-Nicene Party' (led by Athanasius and Hosius), the 'Eusebian Faction' (the Arian-sympathizing opposition), and the 'Moderate Majority' (the large, non-aligned group).

• Participation Certainty: A scholarly assessment (Confirmed, Highly Probable, Probable, Low, or Excluded) for each attendee, clarifying the historical status of figures like St. Nicholas of Myra (tradition-based) versus confirmed attendees.

• Source Criticism: Identifies and excludes "ghost" names (like 'Verus of Arles') that are common copyist errors, with detailed notes explaining why.

Access the Data & Contribute

This project is an independent research initiative, presented here as a 'living document' to invite open scholarly review and refinement. Rather than a static, finalized publication, this database is designed to evolve. Scholars, students, and researchers are highly encouraged to contribute.

• Download Excel File v.11: [Click here to download a complete list]

• Download the Map v1.11: [Click here to download a high-resolution PDF of the map showing attendee density by province]

• View the Live Database (Always Current): [Click here to view the complete Google Sheet Database] (Scholarly feedback, corrections, and suggestions can be added as comments directly in the document.)

Project Methodology & Data

Below is the data summary and the legend used to classify all 424 records in the database.

Grouping of Participants (v1.12):

• Confirmed: 71

• Highly Probable: 88

• Probable: 119

• Low: 15

• Judged in Absentia: 32

• Excluded: 99

(Grand Total 424; includes 99 Excluded + 32 Judged in Absentia records)

Participation Certainty Legend

• Confirmed: Participation is confirmed in one of two ways: The participant is externally confirmed by a contemporary literary source (e.g., Athanasius, Socrates, etc.) OR The participant is attested in three (3) or more independent primary list traditions (e.g., Gk. 1 + Lat. 2 + Syr. 3).

• Highly Probable: Attested in only two (2) independent primary list traditions (e.g., Gk. 1 + Copt. 5).

• Probable: Attested in only one (1) primary manuscript tradition (e.g., Gk. 1 or Lat. 2), unless identified as doubtful by critical source analysis.

• Possible or Low: Attested only in secondary or variant list traditions (e.g., Lat. 17) and is absent from all primary traditions.

• Judged in Absentia: Indicates individuals who did not physically attend but whose cases were formally discussed, reviewed, and decided upon at the council (e.g., the bishops on the Meletian Breviarium).

• Excluded: Considered a scribal error, ghost recording, or spurious entry. This category includes entries that, despite appearing in a primary list, are assessed as probable textual corruptions, anachronisms, or conflations based on a critical comparison of modern scholarship (e.g., Honigmann, Mullen).

Primary Source Key & Methodology

The attestations cited (e.g., Gk. 1, Lat. 17) refer to the manuscript families cataloged in the foundational academic work "Patrum Nicaenorum Nomina" (PPN) by Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898).

• Primary Lists (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5, etc.): These are considered the oldest and most reliable independent manuscript traditions dating closest to the 4th century.

• Secondary Lists (Gk. 2/3, Lat. 17, etc.): These are later, often conflated or hagiographic (legendary) lists, such as those that first added St. Nicholas.

This project's "Excluded" category is based on an editorial judgment synthesized from the critical methodologies of modern scholars, primarily:

• Honigmann, E. (1942). "The Original Lists of the Members of the Council of Nicaea."

• Mullen, R. L. (2004). "The Expansion of Christianity: A Gazetteer of its First Three Centuries."

• Thompson, G. (2018). "The Textual Mosaics of the Nicene Council."

Where these sources conflict (e.g., Mullen includes an entry that Honigmann rejects as spurious), a final determination was made for this project, and the reasoning is provided in the Notes column.

Theological Stance Legend The Pro-Nicene Party, The Moderate Majority, The Eusebian Faction, Arian (Strict), Meletian Schism, Novatianist, Pro-Nicene

Data Format Name, Title of City, (Name Variants), (Modern Location), Theological Stance (Theological Subtag) , Attestation (List Traditions), Attestation (Literary Sources), Source Reference (Modern), Participation Certainty, Notes, Record ID

Roster of the Attendees of the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD) v1.11

Dioecesis Aegypti

Aegyptus Herculia (7)

Albetion, Bishop of Barethu, (Albetion Baretha (Lat. 1); Albetius (Lat. 1 var.)), (Nile Delta (Uncertain)), Pro-Nicene (), Gelzer (Lat. 1), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable
Note:A see of uncertain location (Barethu/Baretha). Attested only in the Lat. 1 tradition. [NIC-001]

Antiochus, Bishop of Memphis, (Ioannes in Gk. lists, Antiochus in Copt./Syr.), (Mit Rahina, near Cairo, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: This entry exemplifies the textual discrepancies between source lists. The primary Greek list (Gk. 1) names him 'Ioannes', while the Coptic and Syriac lists (Copt. 5, Syr. 3) name him 'Antiochus'. [NIC-002]

Callinicus, Bishop of Pelusium, (), (Tell el-Farama), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), , Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, T.D. Barnes (1981), Judged in Absentia
Note: Callinicus was the Meletian bishop of Pelusium, holding the see in opposition to the 'Catholic' bishop Dorotheus of Pelusium (NIC-004). His case was judged in absentia as part of the Breviarium Meletianorum presented at the council. [NIC-003]

Cronius, Bishop of Metelis, (), (Masil), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-069]

Dorotheus, Bishop of Pelusium, (), (Tell el-Farama, near Suez Canal, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed [NIC-004]

Eudaemon, Bishop of Tanis, (Eudammon), (San el-Hagar), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), , Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, T.D. Barnes (1981); Honigmann (1942), Judged in Absentia
Note: Eudaemon was the Meletian (schismatic) bishop of Tanis, holding the see in opposition to the 'Catholic' bishop Tiberius of Tauthites (NIC-011). He did not physically attend the Council; rather, his case was judged in absentia. His name appears on the Breviarium Meletianorum (the list of Meletian clergy) which was presented at the council and preserved by Athanasius (Apologia contra Arianos). [NIC-005]

Harpocration, Bishop of Boubastis, (), (Tell Basta), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-070]

Hermaeon, Bishop of Bousiris, (), (Abusir (Delta)), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: According to Athanasius, he was the Meletian bishop of both Kunopolis and Bousiris. [NIC-071]

Isaac, Bishop of Letopolis, (), (Wasim), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-072]

Ision, Bishop of Athribis, (), (Hathribi (Delta)), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Mullen places this bishop in Athribis of the Delta, based on the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-073]

John, Bishop of Memphis, (John Archaph), (Mit Rahina), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), , Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, T.D. Barnes (1981), Confirmed
Note: John (later known as Archaph) was the Meletian bishop of Memphis, rival to Antiochus of Memphis (NIC-002), and Melitius's designated successor. He almost certainly attended the council with Melitius and was judged alongside him. His participation is Confirmed, but as a defendant, not a voting member. [NIC-006]

Melas, Bishop of Arsinoe, (), (Faiyum), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), , Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, T.D. Barnes (1981), Judged in Absentia
Note: Melas was the Meletian bishop of the Arsenoite nome (See: Arsinoe), holding the see in opposition to the 'Catholic' bishop Serapion of Arsinoe (NIC-009). His case was judged in absentia as part of the Breviarium Meletianorum. [NIC-007]

Moses, Bishop of Phakoussa, (), (Faqus), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-075]

Pelagius, Bishop of Oxyrhynchus, (), (El-Bahnasa), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), , Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, T.D. Barnes (1981), Judged in Absentia
Note: Pelagius was the Meletian bishop of Oxyrhynchus, holding the see in opposition to the 'Catholic' bishop Theodorus of Oxyrhynchus (NIC-010). His case was judged in absentia as part of the Breviarium Meletianorum. [NIC-008]

Serapion, Bishop of Arsinoe, (), (Faiyum, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898); Honigmann (1942), Highly Probable
Note: It appears in Gelzer's Coptic list; the name Serapion is common in the Arsinoe/Faiyum region. Honigmann probably excluded this name due to the confusion between "Gaius/Serapion." Its inclusion is defensible. [NIC-009]

Theodorus, Bishop of Oxyrhynchus, (), (El-Bahnasa, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Alexandrian Alignment), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Patrum Nicaenorum Nomina, Confirmed
Note: His participation is certain. His name appears both in the subscription lists (Gelzer) and in the personal narratives of Athanasius (as a supporter of Alexander). [NIC-010]

Theon, Bishop of Neiloupolis, (), ((Fayyum)), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-076]

Tiberius, Bishop of Tauthites, (Tiberios Tauthites (Lat. 1), Tiberius Tautitanus (Lat. 1)), (Nile Delta (Uncertain)), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: Mullen (2004), citing Gelzer, identifies the Nicene attendee as Tiberius, bishop of Tauthites. In some manuscript recensions (e.g., the Syriac and certain Coptic lists), this bishop is recorded as 'Tiberius of Taphis' or 'Tiberius of Tanis'. The scholarly consensus holds that 'Taphis' and 'Tanis' are scribal error and that 'Tauthites' is the correct see. This distinguishes him from Eudaemon of Tanis (NIC-005), the Meletian bishop of Tanis. [NIC-011]

Unnamed, Bishop of Heliopolis, (Callinicus), (Ancient On), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), p. 81; [Online analysis of Breviarium Melitii], Judged in Absentia
Note: Mullen (p. 81) and the primary source for this record (Athanasius's Meletian list) both state that the Meletian bishop of Heliopolis is mentioned but not named. The name 'Kallinikos' is a confirmed conflation error, likely confused with Callinicus of Pelusium (NIC-003), who is on the same list. [NIC-074]

Aegyptus Iovia (14)

(Unnamed), Bishop of Pharbaithos, (), (Horbeit), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Meletian rival to the Pro-Nicene bishop Arbaethion of Pharbaithos (NIC-014). [NIC-077]

(Unnamed), Bishop of Sais, (), (Sa el-Hagar), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Athanasian Meletian list records the presence of an unnamed Meletian bishop here in 325. [NIC-078]

Adamantius, Bishop of Cynopolis, (Harpocration (?)), (El Kays, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898); Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Highly Probable
Note: Mullen (2004), citing Gelzer, clearly identifies the Nicene bishop from Kunopolis Inferior as Adamantius. This distinguishes him from the Meletian bishop Harpocration of Boubastis (NIC-070), resolving potential confusion in the lists. [NIC-020]

Adelphius, Bishop of Onuphis Kato, (), (Mahallat Menouf, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed [NIC-012]

Alexander, Archbishop of Alexandria, (), (Alexandria, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party (Faction Leader (Pro-Nicene)), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Various historical accounts (Athanasius, Socrates, Sozomen, etc.), Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: Leader of the Pro-Nicene party. [NIC-013]

Amos, Bishop of Leontopolis, (), (Natu), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-079]

Arbaethion, Bishop of Pharbaithos, (Ἀρβατίων (Gk.); Arbition), (Horbeit, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898); Honigmann (1942), Highly Probable
Note: Appears in both Greek and Coptic recensions of Gelzer’s Patrum Nicaenorum nomina. A local bishop under Alexandria. Not listed in Honigmann (1942). [NIC-014]

Arius, Presbyter of Alexandria, (), (Alexandria, Egypt), Arian (Strict) (Faction Leader (Arian)), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Various historical accounts, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: A presbyter whose teachings were the central issue of the council. His participation is Confirmed, but he attended as a defendant to be judged (and was ultimately condemned and exiled), not as a voting delegate/member. [NIC-015]

Athanasius, Deacon of Alexandria, (), (Alexandria, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party (Leading Pro-Nicene Advocate), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Various historical accounts (incl. his own writings), Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: A deacon accompanying Archbishop Alexander. He was a leading opponent of Arianism at the council. His prominent role is documented in... historical accounts... [NIC-016]

Athas, Bishop of Schedia (Chaireon), (Ἄθας (Gk.)), (Near Alexandria, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898); Honigmann (1942), Highly Probable
Note: Recorded in Gelzer’s Greek and Coptic lists. Possibly a small suffragan see near Alexandria; absent from Honigmann’s list. [NIC-017]

Ephraim, Bishop of Thmuis, (), (Tell El-Timai), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), , Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, T.D. Barnes (1981), Judged in Absentia
Note: Ephraim was the Meletian bishop of Thmuis, holding the see in opposition to the 'Catholic' bishop Gaius of Thmuis (NIC-019). His case was judged in absentia as part of the Breviarium Meletianorum. [NIC-018]

Gaius, Bishop of Thmuis, (Serapion (Gk.)), (Tell El-Timai, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable [NIC-019]

Harpocrates, Bishop of Phragonis, (), (Horbeit), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5); Michael the Syrian, , Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Confirmed
Note: Mullen (2004) confirms this bishop, citing Gelzer and Michael the Syrian. Attested in three independent list traditions (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr.). [NIC-080]

Harpocration, Bishop of Naucratis, (Ἁρποκρατίων (Gk.)), (Kom Gi'eif, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: The Coptic list (Copt. 5) identifies this see as Naucratis, which is generally considered the more probable reading... It is widely accepted that both references point to the same person, a single bishop. [NIC-021]

Heraclides, Bishop of Nikiou, (), (Ibshadi), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Meletian rival to the Pro-Nicene bishop Sarapion of Nikiû (NIC-026). [NIC-081]

Hermaeon, Bishop of Kunopolis Inferior, (), (El Kays), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Meletian rival to the Pro-Nicene bishop Adamantius of Cynopolis (NIC-020). [NIC-082]

Liberius, Bishop of Thmuis, (), (Tell El-Timai, Egypt), (), , , Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, Excluded
Note: Excluded. This entry is a chronological error. While Liberius was a historical bishop of Thmuis, he is believed to have died before the Council of 325 (c. 303-325). The actual "Catholic" attendee (and his successor) was Gaius of Thmuis (NIC-019), who is attested in the primary lists (Lat./Copt.). The confusion arises from later hagiographical or chronological lists that anachronistically place Liberius at the 325 council. [NIC-022]

Philippus, Bishop of Panephysis, (), (Nile Delta region, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed [NIC-023]

Philogonius, Bishop of Phthenegys, (), (Nile Delta region, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: Attestation is strong, appearing independently in both the primary Greek (Gk. 1) and Coptic (Copt. 5) manuscript traditions. [NIC-024]

Pininuthes, Bishop of Phthenegys, (), (Nile Delta region), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), , Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, T.D. Barnes (1981), Judged in Absentia
Note: Pininuthes was the Meletian bishop of Phthenegys, holding the see in opposition to the 'Catholic' bishop Philogonius of Phthenegys (NIC-024). His case was judged in absentia as part of the Breviarium Meletianorum. [NIC-025]

Potamon, Bishop of Heracleopolis Mikra (Parva), (), (Ihnasiyyah al-Madinah, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Confessor), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Rufinus, Hist. Eccl. X.4; Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos 51, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898); Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Confirmed
Note: A prominent "Confessor" (one who had suffered for the faith). Mullen (2004) specifies Potamon's see was Heracleopolis Mikra / Parva (Coptic Sethroitis) in the Delta, not Heracleopolis Magna in the Thebaid (which was the Meletian see of Peter of Heracleopolis, NIC-038). [NIC-040]

Sarapion, Bishop of Nikiû, (), (Zawyat Razin, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: Attestation is strong, appearing independently in both the primary Greek (Gk. 1) and Coptic (Copt. 5) manuscript traditions. [NIC-026]

Soterichus, Bishop of Sebennytos, (), (Sammanud), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-083]

Libya Inferior (1)

Theonas, Bishop of Paratonium, (Titus (Copt. 5, Lat. 1, Lat. 2)), (Coastal region, Libya/Egypt), Arian (Strict) (Refused to Sign (Exiled)), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Socrates, Hist. Eccl. I.8; Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. I.21, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: Refused to sign the Creed and was exiled with Arius. Known as Theonas of Marmarica (Gk.) and Titus of Paratonium (Lat./Copt.), who are considered the same person. [NIC-027]

Libya Superior (6)

Dacius, Bishop of Berenice, (Daches (Lat. 1), Dachis (Lat. 2)), (Benghazi, Libya), Arian (Strict) (Arian (per Philostorgius)), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Philostorgius, I.8a, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898); Mullen (2004), p. 89, Confirmed
Note: Mullen (2004), citing the 5th-century historian Philostorgius (I.8a), identifies Dacius as a supporter of Arius. This contradicts the common assumption that he was Pro-Nicene, like most of the Alexandrian delegation. [NIC-028]

Secundus, Bishop of Ptolemais, (), (Tolmeita, Libya), Arian (Strict) (Refused to Sign (Exiled)), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Socrates, Hist. Eccl. I.8; Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. I.21, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: Refused to sign the Creed and was exiled with Arius. [NIC-029]

Secundus, Bishop of Taucheira (Arsinoe), (ΣΕΚΟΝΔΟΣ (Gk.)), (Tocra, Libya), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: Distinct from the Arian Secundus of Ptolemais. Present in multiple versions of Gelzer’s lists but omitted in later summaries. [NIC-030]

Sentianus, Bishop of Boreum, (), (), Arian (Strict) (Arian (per Philostorgius)), , Philostorgius, I.8a, Lequien (1740), Oriens Christianus, II, 635; Mullen (2004), p. 89, Low
Note: This record is based on Mullen (2004), who notes that the historian Philostorgius (I.8a) explicitly names Sentianus as one of the participants supporting Arius. Since his name is not found in the Gelzer subscription lists, his participation is classified as "Low" [NIC-031]

Serapion, Bishop of Antipyrgus, (Σαραπίων (Gk.)), (Tobruk, Libya), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: Listed in the Libyan section of Gelzer’s Patrum Nicaenorum nomina. Represents the coastal see of Antipyrgus. [NIC-032]

Zopyrus, Bishop of Barca, (Zophyrus), (Marj, Libya), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed [NIC-033]

Thebais (9)

(Unnamed), Bishop of Diospolis Magna, (), (Luxor/Karnak), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Meletian rival to the Pro-Nicene bishop Ammon of Diospolis Magna (NIC-035). [NIC-086]

(Unnamed), Bishop of Maximianopolis, (), (Qena), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Athanasian Meletian list records the presence of an unnamed Meletian bishop here in 325. [NIC-084]

(Unnamed), Bishop of Ptolemais Hermiou, (), (el-Menshyah), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Athanasian Meletian list records the presence of an unnamed Meletian bishop here in 325. [NIC-085]

Achaeus, Bishop of Tentyra, (), (Dendera, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: Attestation is strong, appearing independently in both the primary Greek (Gk. 1) and Coptic (Copt. 5) manuscript traditions. [NIC-034]

Achilles, Bishop of Kusae, (), (Qusiya), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-087]

Ammon, Bishop of Diospolis Magna, (Ammonius (Gk.)), (Thebes, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Confessor), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Rufinus, Hist. Eccl. X.24 (“Ammonius Thebis”), Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: He is known as the “Confessor.” This is confirmed by Rufinus and Sozomenos. [NIC-035]

Ammonius, Bishop of Diospolis Mikra, (), (Huw), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Identified as bishop of Mikra (Parva), as the Meletian bishop of Diospolis Magna (NIC-086) is listed as unnamed. [NIC-088]

Cales, Bishop of Hermonthis, (), (Armant), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-089]

Coluthus, Bishop of Kunopolis Superior, (), ((Near Oxyrhynchus)), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-090]

Dius, Bishop of Antaiopolis, (), (Qaw el-Kebir), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Copt. list), , Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Probable
Note: Mullen (2004) states Bishop Dius of Antaiopolis attended Nicaea, based on Gelzer's Coptic list (pp. 80-81). Attested in one primary list. [NIC-091]

Gaius, Bishop of Panopolis, (), (Akhmim), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Copt. list), , Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Probable
Note: Mullen (2004) states Bishop Gaius of Panopolis attended Nicaea, based on Gelzer's Coptic list (p. 79). This is a different person from Gaius of Thmuis (NIC-019). Attested in one primary list. [NIC-092]

Isaac, Bishop of Kleopatris, (), ((Hermopolite nome)), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-093]

Lucius, Bishop of Antinoe, (), (Sheikh Ibada), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Meletian rival to the Pro-Nicene bishop Tyrannus of Antinoe (NIC-042). [NIC-094]

Melitius, Bishop of Lycopolis, (), (Asyut, Egypt), Meletian Schism (Faction Leader (Schismatic)), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos; Socrates, Hist. Eccl. I.9, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: Leader of the Meletian Schism. His participation is Confirmed, but he attended as a defendant to be judged by the council, not as a voting member. The council's canons (esp. the Synodal Letter to the Egyptians) directly address the resolution of his case. [NIC-036]

Pachumes, Bishop of Tentyra, (), (Dendera), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: The Meletian rival to the Pro-Nicene bishop Achaeus of Tentyra (NIC-034). [NIC-095]

Paphnutius, Bishop of Upper Thebes, (Paphnuce (Copt.)), (Luxor region, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party (Confessor), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Socrates, Hist. Eccl. I.11; Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. I.23, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898); Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Confirmed
Note: A prominent "Confessor" and highly revered figure at the council. Mullen (2004) confirms Paphnutius was a famed "Confessor" from the Thebes region (Upper Thebaid) but notes, citing Gelzer and Sozomen, that "his see is not located with certainty." [NIC-037]

Peter, Bishop of Heracleopolis, (), (Ihnasiyyah), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Gelzer (pp. 70–71, 80–81); Michael the Syrian, 7.2; Severus of al-Ashmunein, 2.4, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, T.D. Barnes (1981); Mullen (2004), p. 81, Low
Note: Mullen (2004) confirms Peter was the Meletian bishop (per Athanasius), but cites Gelzer, Michael the Syrian, and Severus of al-Ashmunein to indicate that Peter was personally present at the council (unlike most other Meletians). He was the rival to the 'Catholic' bishop Potamon of Heracleopolis Mikra (NIC-040). [NIC-038]

Phasilius, Bishop of Hermopolis Magna, (), (al-Ashmunein), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-096]

Plusian, Bishop of Lycopolis, (Volusianus (Lat.)), (Asyut, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: The officially recognized (Catholic) bishop of Lycopolis, loyal to Alexandria. Holding the see in direct opposition to the schismatic Melitius of Lycopolis (NIC-036), who was also present at the council. (Lycopolis = Siout = Asyut) [NIC-039]

Theodorus, Bishop of Koptos, (), (Qift), Meletian Schism (Schismatic bishop), Breviarium Meletianorum, Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, 59.3 & 71.5–6, Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), Judged in Absentia
Note: Included in the Athanasian Meletian list. [NIC-097]

Tiberius, Bishop of Taphis, (), (Tafa, Egypt (submerged)), (), , , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry', likely a scribal error for the Pro-Nicene bishop Tiberius of Tauthites (NIC-011), or a confusion with the Meletian bishop of Tanis, Eudaemon of Tanis (NIC-005). [NIC-041]

Tyrannus, Bishop of Antinoe, (Τύραννος (Gk.)), (Sheikh Ibada, Egypt), Pro-Nicene (Aligned with Alexander), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: Appears in Gelzer’s Egyptian (Thebaid) entries; no mention in narrative sources. Typical representation of Thebaid sees. [NIC-042]

Dioecesis Africae

Africa Proconsularis (1)

Caecilianus, Bishop of Carthage, (), (Carthage, Tunisia), The Pro-Nicene Party (Donatist Schism (Catholic side)), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Athanasius, Apologia contra Arianos, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898); Mullen, Expansion of Christianity (2004), p. 302, Confirmed
Note: Central figure in the Donatist Schism; his presence confirmed his legitimacy as the official Catholic bishop. Mullen (2004) also confirms his attendance. [NIC-043]

Dioecesis Asiana

Asia (9)

Apollonius, Bishop of Cyme, (), (near Aliağa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in the primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Lacks independent confirmation in other primary traditions (e.g., Syriac, Latin), thus classified as 'Probable' rather than 'Highly Probable'. [NIC-044]

Eusebius, Bishop of Magnesia on the Maeander, (), (near Germencik, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-045]

Eutychius, Bishop of Smyrna, (Parmenius (Lat.)), (İzmir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-046]

Heraclius, Bishop of Tralles, (Apollonius (Gk.)), (Aydın, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-047]

Menophantus, Bishop of Ephesus, (), (near Selçuk, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Athanasius, De Decretis; Socrates, Hist. Eccl. I.8, , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. A key member of the Eusebian faction, mentioned by Athanasius. He ultimately signed the Creed. [NIC-048]

Mithres, Bishop of Hypaepa, (), (Günlüce, near Ödemiş, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-049]

Mitrodotus, Bishop of Pergamum, (), (Bergama, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-050]

Orion, Bishop of Ilion (in Asia) / Elaea?, (), ((Uncertain, near Kazıkbağları, Türkiye?)), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , Mullen (2004), p. 320; Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable
Note: This entry is listed by Gelzer (Gk. 1) under the province 'Asia'. Mullen (2004) notes this entry is textually distinct from Orion of Ilium in 'Hellespontus' (NIC-066). Mullen (citing Fedalto) conjectures this 'Ilion in Asia' might be the see of Elaea. [NIC-404]

Paul, Bishop of Anaia, (), (Anya, near Kuşadası, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: While attested in a Gk. variant, this entry is excluded by modern scholars (e.g., Honigmann) as a probable scribal error... Although Mullen (2004, p. 314) lists him as an attendee citing Gelzer, this entry is excluded following the critical (Honigmann) methodology. [NIC-051]

Theodotus, Bishop of Nysa, (), (Sultanhisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-052]

Caria (9)

Ammonius, Bishop of Aphrodisias, (), (near Karacasu, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-053]

Eugenius, Bishop of Apollonia, (), (near Kemer, Muğla, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , Honigmann (1942), Excluded
Note: Attested in a Gk. variant, but its omission from primary lists and potential for confusion with other bishops named Eugenius makes its inclusion doubtful. Even though it is from Apollonia in Lycia, this record is thought to be erroneous. Although Mullen (2004, p. 316) lists him as an attendee citing Gelzer, this entry is excluded following Honigmann's critical methodology. [NIC-054]

Eusebius, Bishop of Antioch ad Maeandrum, (), (near Kuyucak, Aydın, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , Honigmann (1942), Excluded
Note: Appears in a Gk. variant, but this is often treated as a textual corruption or a conflation with another of the many bishops named Eusebius. Although Mullen (2004, p. 315) lists him as an attendee citing Gelzer, this entry is excluded following Honigmann's critical methodology. [NIC-055]

Eusebius, Bishop of Miletus, (), (near Didim, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: One of three bishops named Eusebius from Caria, creating significant (though separate) attestation records. [NIC-056]

Eusebius, Bishop of Stratonicea, (), (Eskihisar, Yatağan, Muğla), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: One of three bishops named Eusebius from Caria.The modern location (Eskihisar) is in Muğla province and should not be confused with Eskihisar in Bithynia (near Gebze). [NIC-057]

Leontius, Bishop of Cibyra, (), (near Gölhisar, Burdur, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , Honigmann (1942), Excluded
Note: This attestation (Gk. variant) is considered weak and is often omitted from modern critical reconstructions of the list. [NIC-058]

Letodorus, Bishop of Cibyra, (...), (near Gölhisar, Burdur), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable
Note: This is the critically accepted bishop for Cibyra, attested in the primary Gk. 1 list. The 'Leontius' entry is a rejected variant. [NIC-059]

Pistus, Bishop of Marcianopolis (in Caria), (), ((Uncertain, possibly Kidrama, Türkiye?)), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , Mullen (2004), p. 327; Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer (Gk. 1). Mullen (2004) lists this entry under the province of Caria. This is a distinct entry and should not be confused with Marcus of Marcianopolis in 'Moesia Secunda' (NIC-389). [NIC-405]

Spudasius, Bishop of Mylasa, (), (Milas, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable [NIC-060]

Themistius, Bishop of Iasus, (), (Kıyıkışlacık, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable [NIC-061]

Thyrsus, Bishop of Alabanda, (), (near Çine, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable [NIC-062]

Zenon, Bishop of Bargylia, (), (near Boğaziçi, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable [NIC-063]

Hellespontus (5)

Eutychius, Bishop of Poemanenum, (), (near Eski Manyas, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable [NIC-064]

Hesychius, Bishop of Parium, (Asclepius (Gk.)), (near Biga, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: The primary Greek list (Gk. 1) names him 'Asclepius', while the Latin (Lat. 2) names him 'Hesychius'. This is a known textual variant. [NIC-065]

Orion, Bishop of Ilium, (), (Troy, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Highly Probable
Note: Attested for Ilium in Hellespontus. Not to be confused with Orion of Cidyessus (NIC-143) or the separate entry for Orion of Ilion in 'Asia' (NIC-404). Note: Some sources cited by Mullen (2004, p. 324) list 'Marinus' for this see, but 'Orion' is the name attested in the primary Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3) traditions, which is the critically accepted reading (Honigmann). [NIC-066]

Parthenius, Bishop of Lampsacus, (), (Lapseki, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable [NIC-067]

Theonas, Bishop of Cyzicus, (), (near Erdek, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. I.15, Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. A key member of the Eusebian Faction, his role is also confirmed by narrative sources like Sozomen. He ultimately signed the Creed. [NIC-068]

Insulae (6)

Diodorus, Bishop of Tenedos, (), (Bozcaada, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-098]

Eulalius, Bishop of Rhodus, (Euphranor (Gk.)), (Rhodes, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. Note: Mullen (2004, p. 330) lists 'Euphrosunus' (NIC-100) for this see, but the critical consensus (Honigmann) identifies Eulalius as the correct attendee based on stronger attestation (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). [NIC-099]

Euphrosynus, Bishop of Rhodes, (...), (Rhodes, Greece), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a recognized textual variant (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested Metropolitan for this see is Eulalius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). 'Euphrosynus' (or 'Euphranor') is a scribal corruption found in less reliable manuscripts. While Mullen (2004, p. 330) lists Euphrosunus as the attendee, this entry is excluded following the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-100]

Heraclius, Bishop of Samos, (), (Samos, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-101]

Meliphron, Bishop of Cos, (), (Kos, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-102]

Strategius, Bishop of Lemnos, (), (Lemnos, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-103]

Tryphon, Bishop of Chios, (), (Chios, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-104]

Lycia et Pamphylia (10)

Aphrodisias, Bishop of Magydos, (), (near Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but its absence in other traditions and the relative obscurity of the see make it a doubtful entry, possibly a later interpolation. Although Mullen (2004, p. 327) lists him citing Gelzer, this entry is retained as 'Excluded' per the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-105]

Artemas, Bishop of Perdikiai, (), ((Uncertain, Lycia, Türkiye)), (), Gelzer (Gk. variant, Arabic list), , Mullen (2004), p. 335; Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Low
Note: This entry is based on weak attestation. Mullen (2004) lists it under "Possible Sites," citing Gelzer who found the name in only one Greek variant manuscript and the Arabic list. It is absent from all primary traditions. [NIC-406]

Callinicus, Bishop of Perge, (), (Aksu, near Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of Pamphylia. [NIC-106]

Diotimus, Bishop of Limyra, (), (near Finike, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-107]

Domnus, Bishop of Aspendus, (), (near Serik, Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-108]

Eudemus, Bishop of Patara, (), (Gelemiş, near Kaş, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Metropolitan of Lycia. [NIC-109]

Eugenius, Bishop of Etenna, (), (Sırtköy, near Manavgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-110]

Eugenius, Bishop of Side, (), (Side, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-111]

Heuresius, Bishop of Termessus, (...), (near Antalya, Türkiye), (), (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious variant. The critically accepted bishop for this see (Termessos, administratively in Pisidia) is Polybios (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). While Mullen (2004, p. 334) lists 'Euresius' [Heuresius] as the attendee, this entry is excluded as the variant, following the critical (Honigmann) consensus. [NIC-112]

Nikolaos, Bishop of Myra, (Nicholas), (Demre, Türkiye), (), Gelzer (Gk. 2, Gk. 3); Theodorus Lector, , , Low
Note: Despite being the most famous name associated with the Council of 325, Nicholas of Myra's attendance is subject to severe scholarly doubt. The critical fact is that his name is absent from all of the earliest and most reliable primary manuscript traditions (e.g., Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5). His name only begins to appear in much later Greek lists (categorized by Gelzer as Gk. 2 / Gk. 3) derived from the 6th-century historian Theodorus Lector. This 200-year gap leads most historians (e.g., Honigmann) to conclude that this entry is not based on an authentic 325 document, but is a later legendary (hagiographical) interpolation based on the bishop's growing fame and sainthood. While his attendance (and the story of him striking Arius) is a powerful tradition, it lacks primary documentary evidence. Therefore, it is classified as 'Low' probability, attested only in questionable and secondary variant lists. [NIC-113]

Patricius, Bishop of Maximianopolis, (), (near Kemer, Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: Attested in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but often treated as a questionable entry or a potential misreading for another see. Although Mullen (2004, p. 327) lists him citing Gelzer, this entry is retained as 'Excluded' per the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-114]

Quintianus, Bishop of Seleucia (Pamphylia), (), (near Manavgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. Likely a textual corruption or 'doublet' of Quintus of Attaleia, who is strongly attested in both Greek (Gk. 1) and Syriac (Syr. 3) lists. The names are similar and the sees are neighbouring. Although Mullen (2004, p. 332) lists 'Cuntianus' [Quintianus] citing Gelzer, this entry is excluded following Honigmann as a probable doublet of Quintus (NIC-116). [NIC-115]

Quintus, Bishop of Attaleia, (Kointos (Gk.)), (Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-116]

Zenon, Bishop of Telmessos, (), (Fethiye, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-117]

Zeuxius, Bishop of Lyrbe, (), (near Manavgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: Attested in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but its omission from other major traditions (Latin, Syriac) makes it a doubtful entry, (e.g. Honigmann). Although Mullen (2004, p. 326) lists him citing Gelzer, this entry is retained as 'Excluded' per the critical consensus. [NIC-118]

Lydia (7)

Agogius, Bishop of Tripolis (on the Maeander), (), (Yenicekent, Buldan, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-119]

Antiochus, Bishop of Aureliopolis (Tmolos), (), (Salihli, Manisa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in a Gk. variant. This entry is highly doubtful and likely a 'doublet' or textual confusion with the other Antiochus from Lydia. Although Mullen (2004, p. 317) lists him citing Gelzer, this entry is excluded following Honigmann's critical methodology as a probable doublet of Antiochus (NIC-121). [NIC-120]

Antiochus, Bishop of Hierokaisareia, (), (near Akhisar, Manisa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in a Gk. variant. As with the other Antiochus of Lydia, this is likely a textual error or conflation and is excluded from most critical lists. Although Mullen (2004, p. 323) lists him citing Gelzer, this entry is excluded following Honigmann's critical methodology. [NIC-121]

Artemidorus, Bishop of Sardis, (), (Sart, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-122]

Cyrus, Bishop of Philadelphia, (Cyrion (Gk.); Dionysius (Gk.)), (Alaşehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Greek manuscript variants referenced in Migne's Patrologia Graeca list the name "Soron" for this name. Note: Mullen (2004, p. 330) lists 'Hetoimasius' (NIC-125) for this see, but this is widely considered the textual variant in the critical tradition (Honigmann). [NIC-123]

Florentius, Bishop of Ancyra Sidera, (), (near Demirci, Manisa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-124]

Hetoemasius, Bishop of Philadelphia, (...), (Alaşehir, Türkiye), (), (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious entry (nomen spurium). The strongly attested bishop for this see is Cyrus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). 'Hetoemasius' is a textual corruption found in a non-primary manuscript tradition. While Mullen (2004, p. 330) lists Hetoimasius as the attendee, this entry is excluded following the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-125]

Marcus, Bishop of Silandus, (), (Selendi, Manisa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3, Lat. 17), , , Highly Probable
Note: Attestation is strong, appearing in multiple independent primary traditions (Syriac and Latin). Its absence from the primary Greek list (Gk. 1) is considered a copyist's omission. [NIC-126]

Mark, Bishop of Standus, (...), (Selendi, Manisa, Türkiye), (), (Gk. variant / Corruption), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a recognized orthographic corruption. The correct entry is Marcus of Silandus (cf. Gelzer Gk. variant). 'Mark' is a common variant of 'Marcus', and 'Standus' is a known scribal error for 'Silandus'. [NIC-127]

Pollio, Bishop of Perperene, (), (near Bergama, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3, Lat. 17), , , Highly Probable
Note: Attested strongly in both the Syriac (Syr. 3) and key Latin (Lat. 17) traditions. Though absent from Gelzer's Gk. 1, its presence in independent lists confirms its high probability. [NIC-128]

Pollion, Bishop of Baris, (...), (...), (), (Conflation error), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a clear 'conflation' error. The see Baris (attested bishop Heraclius) was in the province of Pisidia, not Lydia (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). The name Pollio is correctly attested in Lydia, but for the see of Perperene (cf. Gelzer Gk. variant). This entry erroneously combines the name from one see with the city of another. Mullen (2004, p. 318) also lists 'Pollion of Baris' citing Gelzer, but attributes the see to Bagis in Lydia, which the critical consensus (Honigmann) rejects. [NIC-129]

Seras, Bishop of Thyatira, (Serapion (Gk.); Soron (Gk. variant)), (Akhisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Greek manuscript variants referenced in Migne's Patrologia Graeca list the name "Soron" for this name. [NIC-130]

Phrygia Pacatiana (7)

Eugenius, Bishop of Eucarpia, (), (near Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-131]

Flaccus, Bishop of Hierapolis, (...), (Pamukkale, Türkiye), (), (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious entry. The strongly attested bishop for this see is Philippus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). 'Flaccus' is a textual corruption from a non-primary manuscript. While Mullen (2004, p. 322) lists Flaccus as the attendee, this entry is excluded following the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-132]

Flaccus, Bishop of Sanaos, (), (near Uşak, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but the see is obscure and the attestation is not supported by other traditions, making it a doubtful inclusion. Although Mullen (2004, p. 331) lists him citing Gelzer, this entry is retained as 'Excluded' per the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-133]

Marcellinus, Bishop of Eumeneia, (Eugenius (Gk. 1)), (Işıklı, Çivril, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: The name is recorded as 'Marcellinus' based on the strong Latin tradition (attested by Mansi and Gelzer's Latin lists). The primary Greek list (Gk. 1) incorrectly records the name as 'Eugenius', which is widely considered a probable scribal error (conflation) with Eugenius of Eucarpia. [NIC-134]

Nunechius, Bishop of Laodicea, (), (near Denizli, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-135]

Paulinus, Bishop of Siblia, (), (Location uncertain, Phrygia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-136]

Paulus, Bishop of Apamea Cibotus, (), (Dinar, Türkiye), Novatianist (Pro-Nicene aligned), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: A Novatianist bishop, theologically aligned with the Pro-Nicene stance but part of a schismatic group. Note: Mullen (2004, p. 315) highlights that a 'Tarsicius' (NIC-162) is also listed for this see (in the Pisidian list), but Paulus is the accepted attendee from the Phrygian list (Gelzer Gk. 1) in the critical tradition (Honigmann). [NIC-137]

Philippus, Bishop of Hierapolis, (), (Pamukkale, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3). Note: Mullen (2004, p. 322) lists 'Flaccus' (NIC-132) for this see, but Flaccus is widely considered the textual variant in the critical tradition (Honigmann). [NIC-138]

Pisticus, Bishop of Aezanoi, (), (Çavdarhisar, Kütahya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-139]

Phrygia Salutaris (5)

Ablabius, Bishop of Dorylaeum, (Ablavius (Lat.)), (Eskişehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3). Note: Mullen (2004, p. 319) lists 'Athenodorus' (NIC-141) for this see, but this is considered the textual variant in the critical tradition (Honigmann). [NIC-140]

Athenodorus, Bishop of Dorylaeum, (...), (Eskişehir, Türkiye), (), (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for this see is Ablabius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). While Mullen (2004, p. 319) lists Athenodorus as the attendee, this entry is excluded following the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-141]

Atticus, Bishop of Synnada, (), (near Şuhut, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. Note: Mullen (2004, p. 334) lists 'Procopius' (NIC-146) for this see, but the critical consensus (Honigmann) identifies Atticus as the correct attendee based on the strongest attestation (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). [NIC-142]

Orion, Bishop of Cidyessus, (), (near Uşak, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Not to be confused with Orion of Ilium. [NIC-143]

Pistus, Bishop of Otrous, (), (near Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-144]

Procopius, Bishop of Acmonia, (), (near Banaz, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-145]

Procopius, Bishop of Synnada, (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted Metropolitan for this see is Atticus, who is strongly attested by all major manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). While Mullen (2004, p. 334) lists Procopius as the attendee, this entry is excluded following the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-146]

Pisidia (16)

Academius, Bishop of Pappa, (), (Kocaaliler, Bucak, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-147]

Apagamus, Bishop of Limenai, (), (near Yalvaç, Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but this is a very obscure see and name, often considered a probable textual corruption in the Gk. 1 manuscript tradition. Mullen (2004, p. 326) lists 'Aranius' for this see, which is likely another variant of this spurious entry. [NIC-148]

Atticus, Bishop of Prostanna, (), (near Eğirdir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-149]

Eugenius, Bishop of Sagalassos, (), (Ağlasun, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-150]

Eulalius, Bishop of Iconium, (), (Konya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-151]

Eutychius, Bishop of Antioch, (), (Yalvaç, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-152]

Eutychius, Bishop of Seleucia, (), (near Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-153]

Granius, Bishop of Limenae, (...), (near Yalvaç, Isparta), (), (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a variant reading for an already highly doubtful entry. The primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1) attests Apagamus for this obscure see, an entry which is itself widely rejected by scholars (like Honigmann) as a textual corruption. 'Granius' is another variant of this spurious name. Mullen (2004, p. 326) lists 'Aranius', which is also considered a variant. [NIC-154]

Heraclius, Bishop of Baris, (Stephanus (Gk.)), (Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-155]

Hesychius, Bishop of Neapolis, (), (Location uncertain, Pisidia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-156]

Patricius, Bishop of Amblada, (), (Location uncertain, Pisidia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-157]

Polybios, Bishop of Termessos, (), (near Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Note: Mullen (2004, p. 334) lists 'Euresius' [Heuresius] (NIC-112) for this see, but Polybios is the name accepted by the critical consensus (Honigmann). [NIC-158]

Polycarp, Bishop of Metropolis, (), (near Uluborlu, Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Distinct from Metropolis in Isauria. [NIC-159]

Polydectus, Bishop of Philomelium, (), (Akşehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-160]

Seleucus, Bishop of Sozopolis, (), (near Uluborlu, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-161]

Tarsicius, Bishop of Apamea, (...), (Dinar, Afyonkarahisar), (), (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see (Apamea Cibotus, often listed under Phrygia) is Paulus, who is attested in the primary Greek list (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). While Mullen (2004, p. 315) notes both are listed in Gelzer, the critical consensus (Honigmann) holds Tarsicius to be the spurious variant. [NIC-162]

Telemachus, Bishop of Hadrianopolis, (), (near Yalvaç, Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-163]

Theodorus, Bishop of Vasada (in Pisidia) / Zarzela?, (), ((Uncertain, Pisidia, Türkiye)), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Pisidian list), , Mullen (2004), p. 337 (citing Fedalto); Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable
Note: This entry is listed in Gelzer's Pisidian list and is textually distinct from Theodorus of Vasada in 'Isauria' (NIC-242). Mullen (citing Fedalto) conjectures this Pisidian see of Vasada may be identical to Zarzela. [NIC-407]

Uranion, Bishop of Selge, (), (Altınkaya, Manavgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-164]

Dioecesis Daciae

Dacia Mediterranea (1)

Protogenes, Bishop of Serdica, (), (Sofia, Bulgaria), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: A staunch anti-Arian. [NIC-165]

Dardania (1)

Dacus, Bishop of Scupi, (), (Skopje, North Macedonia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: The professor's list confusingly names the see 'Macedonia', but historical records and Gelzer's lists confirm the entry as Dacus, Bishop of Scupi, the capital of Dardania (Result 2.1). [NIC-166]

Moesia Prima (1)

Dacius, Bishop of Viminacium, (Domnus (Lat.)), (Serbia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable [NIC-167]

Dioecesis Galliarum

Gallia Lugdunensis Prima (2)

Leontius, Bishop of Lugdunum, (), (Lyon, France), (), Mansi, vol. 2, , , Low
Note: Another name mentioned among the bishops who attended from the West. [NIC-168]

Nicasius, Bishop of Divio, (), (Dijon, Gaul (France)), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Lat. 2), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Latin sources; his name is absent from most early Greek lists. [NIC-169]

Gallia Narbonensis (1)

Nicasius, Bishop of Dinia, (), (Digne-les-Bains, France), The Moderate Majority (), Gallic Tradition; Gelzer (Lat. 2, Lat. 17), , Gallic Tradition; Gelzer (Lat. 2, Lat. 17); Mullen (2004), p. 188, Probable
Note: A key representative from the Gallic churches. Attested in multiple primary Latin traditions (Lat. 2, Lat. 17). Note: There is scholarly debate over his see. Mullen (2004), citing Gelzer, identifies his see as Dea (modern Die), while other traditions identify it as Dinia (modern Digne). [NIC-170]

Dioecesis Hispaniarum

Hispania Baetica (2)

Florentius, Bishop of Hispalis, (), (Seville, Spain), (), Mansi, vol. 2, , , Low
Note: Mentioned in some Latin sources as having attended from Spain along with Hosius. [NIC-171]

Hosius, Bishop of Corduba, (), (Córdoba, Spain), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: Advisor to Emperor Constantine and President of the Council. [NIC-172]

Dioecesis Italiae

Aemilia et Liguria (1)

Eustorgius, Bishop of Mediolanum, (), (Milan, Italy), (), Tradition / Late Latin Lists, , , Low
Note: His attendance is supported by strong tradition, though his name is absent from some early lists. [NIC-173]

Apulia et Calabria (1)

Marcus, Bishop of Calabria, (), (Italy), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Representing the Greek-speaking churches of Southern Italy. Mullen (2004), citing Gelzer, confirms his attendance and notes that Lanzoni (p. 306) suggested his see may have been Brundisium. [NIC-174]

Urbs Roma (2)

Cornelius, Bishop of Rome of Rome, (...), (Rome, Italy), (), (Historical Anachronism), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is an anachronistic error. Pope Cornelius was Bishop of Rome much earlier (c. 251–253 AD) and died approximately 72 years before the Council of Nicaea. [NIC-175]

Dionysius, Bishop of Rome of Rome, (...), (Rome, Italy), (), (Historical Anachronism), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is an anachronistic error. Pope Dionysius reigned c. 259–268 AD and died more than 50 years before the Council of Nicaea. [NIC-176]

Fabianus, Bishop of Rome of Rome, (...), (Rome, Italy), (), (Historical Anachronism), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is an anachronistic error. Pope Fabianus (Fabian) was martyred in 250 AD, 75 years before the Council of Nicaea. [NIC-177]

Hadrian, Pope of Rome of Rome, (Adrian), (Rome, Italy), (), (Historical Anachronism), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a significant anachronistic error. Pope Adrian I (c. 772–795 AD) lived centuries after the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD) and was the pope associated with the Second Council of Nicaea (787 AD). This is a common confusion between the two councils. [NIC-178]

Miltiades, Bishop of Rome, (Melchiades), (Rome, Italy), (), (Historical Anachronism), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a significant anachronistic error. Miltiades (or Melchiades) was the Bishop of Rome, but he died in 314 AD, 11 years before the Council of Nicaea (325 AD). The correct bishop at the time of the council was Sylvester I (represented by Vitus and Vincentius). This entry likely results from confusion with the earlier Lateran Council (313 AD), which Miltiades did preside over to address Donatism. [NIC-179]

Vincentius, Presbyter of Rome, (Iulius ), (Rome, Italy), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: Representing Pope Sylvester I. [NIC-180]

"

Vitus, Presbyter of Rome, (Vito (Ital.); Βίτος (Gk.)), (Rome, Italy), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: Representing Pope Sylvester I. The proper Latin name is Vitus. The variant 'Vito' likely originates from the dative/ablative case endings in Latin manuscript records, or later scribal modernization to the Italian form. Greek lists transliterate the name as Βίτος (Bitos). [NIC-181]

"

Venetia et Histria (1)

Ianuarius, Bishop of Aquileia, (), (Aquileia, Italy), (), Codex Veronensis LX (58), , , Low
Note: The name Ianuarius, bishop of Aquileia, appears only in the Codex Veronensis LX (58), a late Latin manuscript list of Nicene signatories. The absence of his name from all known Greek or Syriac primary traditions suggests that this record reflects a later regional addition rather than a contemporary signature. [NIC-182]

Dioecesis Macedoniae

Achaia (2)

Festus, Bishop of Stategis, (), (Unknown location, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Latin Variant List (obscure), , , Excluded
Note: The name Festus, bishop of Achaia (Stategis), is attested only in a single obscure Latin variant list of the Nicene signatures. The toponym “Stategis” is not known from any authentic episcopal catalogue or ancient geographical record and is likely a scribal corruption of another locality. As no Greek, Syriac, or early Latin source corroborates this entry, the record is regarded as spurious. [NIC-183]

Marcus, Bishop of Boiai, (Boia), (Neapoli Voion, Greece), (), Gelzer (Lat. variant), , , Low
Note: Attestation is weak, appearing only in a secondary Latin variant list and notably absent from the primary manuscript traditions (e.g., Gk. 1, Syr. 3). Following the established methodology, an entry attested only in a 'variant' list is classified as 'Low' probability. [NIC-184]

Pistus, Bishop of Athenae, (), (Athens, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-185]

Epirus Vetus (1)

Apollodorus, Bishop of Corcyra (Kerkyra), (), (Corfu, Greece), (), Gelzer (Lat. 17), , , Low
Note: Attestation is weak, appearing only in the secondary Latin manuscript tradition (Gelzer Lat. 17) and absent from all primary traditions (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5). Although the Latin list grouped him under Italy, he has been moved here to reflect the correct administrative province (Epirus Vetus). [NIC-186]

Macedonia (2)

Alexander, Bishop of Thessalonica, (), (Thessaloniki, Greece), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. An important ally of Alexander of Alexandria. [NIC-187]

Budius, Bishop of Stobi, (Bouthas (Gk.)), (North Macedonia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-188]

Thessalia (2)

Chionius, Bishop of Thebae Phthiotides, (Kionius), (Nea Anchialos, Greece), (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Low
Note: Attestation is weak, appearing only in a secondary Greek variant list and absent from the primary Gk. 1 tradition or other independent lists (Lat., Syr.). Following the established methodology, an entry attested only in a 'variant' list is classified as 'Low' probability. [NIC-189]

Claudianus, Bishop of Larissa, (), (Larissa, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-190]

Dioecesis Orientis

Arabia Petraea (6)

Eustathius, Bishop of , (), (), (), Gelzer (Lat. 17, disputed), , , Excluded
Note: Highly Disputed. Appears in some Latin manuscripts... [NIC-191]

Exaeretius, Bishop of Gerasa, (), (Jerash, Jordan), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1); Le Quien (OC III p. 707); PLRE I p. 833, , , Confirmed
Note: The authentic bishop of Gerasa listed in the Patrum Nicaenorum nomina is Exaeretius. The name “Silvanus, Bishop of Gerasa” found in some later copies is a spurious variant, likely arising from a scribal confusion with another bishop named Silvanus from a different see. [NIC-192]

Gennadios, Bishop of Esbus, (), (Hisban, Jordan), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-193]

Kyrion, Bishop of Philadelphia, (), (Amman, Jordan), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-194]

Nikomakhos, Bishop of Bostra, (Hesychius (Gk.)), (Busra, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Name variant: Hesychius. Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-195]

Severus, Bishop of Sodoma, (), (Region south of the Dead Sea), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Sodoma = Soada = Dionysias. The Greek lists (Gk. 1) record his see as Sodoma. The Syriac tradition (Syr. 3) records his see as Soada (also known as Dionysias). It is overwhelmingly accepted that same entries refer to the same person. [NIC-196]

Silvanus, Bishop of Gerasa, (), (Jerash, Jordan), (), , , , Excluded
Note: This is a spurious variant. The strongly attested bishop for this see is Exaeretius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). 'Silvanus' is likely a scribal conflation with another bishop of the same name from the Dioecesis Orientis. [NIC-197]

Sopater, Bishop of Errhe of Batanea, (...), (...), (), (Non-primary variant), , , Excluded
Note: This entry is a textual corruption of the see, not the bishop. The bishop's name, 'Sopater' (or 'Sopatros'), is correctly attested for this province (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3), but his actual see was Adraa. 'Batanea' is likely a scribal error, substituting the regional name for the specific city. [NIC-198]

Sopatros, Bishop of Adraa, (Sopater), (Daraa, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Attested as 'Sopatros' (Gk. 1, Syr. 3); 'Sopater' is a common orthographic variant. The see is Adraa. The variant sees 'Beretanis' or 'Errhe of Batanea' (found in other MSS) are textual corruptions of Adraa. [NIC-199]

Cilicia (12)

Amphion, Bishop of Epiphania, (), (Erzin (Hatay, Türkiye)), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-200]

Eudaemon, Chorepiscopus of Cilicia, (), (Rural region of Cilicia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in some variant lists without a see. Like other 'chorepiscopus' entries, likely a marginal gloss, not a formal delegate. [NIC-201]

Hesychius, Bishop of Alexandria Minor, (), (İskenderun, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-202]

Hesychius, Bishop of Zephyrium, (), (Mersin, Türkiye), (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in a minority of Greek manuscript variants... [NIC-203]

Macedonius, Bishop of Mopsuestia, (), (near Adana, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable
Note: Mistakenly listed as bishop of Coropissus in Syriac tradition. [NIC-204]

Marinus, Bishop of Castabala, (Moses (Gelzer, Lat. variant)), (near Osmaniye, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). The variant name 'Moses' for this see is a spurious textual corruption [NIC-205]

Maximinus, Bishop of Anazarbus, (), (near Adana, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-206]

Moses, Bishop of Castabala, (...), (near Osmaniye, Türkiye), (), (Gelzer, Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop, attested by the primary source (Gelzer Gk. 1), is Marinus. (Note: The 'Cilicia Prima' designation is anachronistic, as the province was undivided in 325 AD). [NIC-207]

Narcissus, Bishop of Irenopolis, (), (near Düziçi, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Irenopolis = Neronias. A prominent member of the Eusebian faction. Like most of his faction, he ultimately signed the Creed at Nicaea, likely under imperial pressure. [NIC-208]

Nicetas, Bishop of Flavias, (Flaviopolis), (Kozan, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Attended from the see of Flavias (Flaviopolis). [NIC-209]

Paulinus, Bishop of Adana, (Paulus (Gk. variant)), (Adana, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Bishop of the major metropolitan city of Adana. [NIC-210]

Paulus, Bishop of Aegae, (), (Yumurtalık, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Strongly attested by both Greek (Gk. 1) and Syriac (Syr. 3) traditions. The variant name 'Tarcodimantus' sometimes associated with this see is a textual conflation; Tarcodimantus is correctly attested for the see of 'Augusta' in the same province. [NIC-211]

Sophronius, Bishop of Pompeiopolis, (), (near Mersin, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Not to be confused with Philadelphus of Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonia. [NIC-212]

Tarcodimantus, Bishop of Augusta, (), (Adana region, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). This is the correct see for this bishop. The spurious entry 'Tarcondimantus of Aegae' is a known textual conflation, confusing this bishop with the see of 'Paulus of Aegae'. [NIC-213]

Tarcondimantus, Bishop of Aegae, (...), (Yumurtalık, Türkiye), (), (Non-primary variant / Conflation), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious entry, a clear 'conflation' error (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for Aegae is Paulus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). The name 'Tarcodimantus' is correctly attested in the same province but for the see of Augusta (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). [NIC-214]

Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia, (), (near Adana, Türkiye), (), (Historical Anachronism), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a significant anachronistic error. Theodore of Mopsuestia (born c. 350 AD, died 428 AD) was a prominent theologian but lived after the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD). [NIC-215]

Theodorus, Bishop of Tarsus, (), (Tarsus, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-216]

Cyprus (3)

Cyrillus, Bishop of Paphos, (), (Paphos, Cyprus), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-217]

Gelasius, Bishop of Salamis, (Gelasinus (Lat.)), (near Famagusta, Cyprus), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Name variant: Gelasinus. Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-218]

Spyridon, Bishop of Trimithus, (), (Trimithounta, Cyprus), The Pro-Nicene Party (Confessor), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: A famous ascetic and wonderworker. [NIC-219]

Tryphillius, Bishop of Ledra, (Tryphon), (Nicosia, Cyprus), (), (Later Tradition / Anachronism), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. Saint Tryphillius of Ledra was a known 4th-century bishop but is not attested in the primary critical recensions (e.g., Gelzer) of the Nicaea 325 attendees. His inclusion in some lists is a later, anachronistic tradition. [NIC-220]

Isauria (13)

Aedesius, Bishop of Claudiopolis, (...), (Mut, Mersin, Türkiye), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see, attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1), is Callistratus. [NIC-221]

Agapius, Bishop of Seleucia, (), (Silifke, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-222]

Anatolius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. [NIC-223]

Antonius, Bishop of Antiochia ad Cragum, (), (near Gazipaşa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Lat. 17), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Latin sources. [NIC-224]

Aquilas, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. [NIC-225]

Athenaeus, Bishop of Koropissos, (), (Dağpazarı, Mut, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but this Isaurian see is often considered a variant or corruption of another name/see in the list. [NIC-226]

Callistratus, Bishop of Claudiopolis, (), (Mut, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-227]

Cyril, Bishop of Humanada, (...), (near Ermenek, Karaman), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The accepted bishop for this see (Homonada / Humanada) is Tyrannus, who is attested in the Syriac tradition (Gelzer Syr. 4). [NIC-228]

Cyrion, Bishop of Olba, (), (Uzuncaburç, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Copt. 5), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Coptic sources. [NIC-229]

Eusebius, Bishop of Iotape, (), (near Alanya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Copt. 5), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Coptic sources. [NIC-230]

Faustus, Bishop of Panemotichus, (), (near Ermenek, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-231]

Gordianus, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. [NIC-232]

Hesychius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). Following Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors. It may also be a confused 'doublet' of the actual attested bishop Hesychius of Lystra (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1) from the same province. [NIC-233]

Hesychius, Bishop of Lystra, (Paulus (Lat.)), (near Konya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Name variant: Paulus. [NIC-234]

Nestor, Bishop of Syedra, (), (near Alanya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-235]

Paul, Bishop of Laranda, (...), (Karaman, Türkiye), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for this see is Silvanus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 4). [NIC-236]

Quintus, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. [NIC-237]

Silvanus, Bishop of Laranda, (Abenneus (Syr.)), (Karaman, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 4), , , Highly Probable
Note: Name variant: Abenneus (in Syriac). [NIC-238]

Silvanus, Bishop of Metropolis (Isauria), (), (near Hadim, Konya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Distinct from Metropolis in Pisidia. [NIC-239]

Stephanus, Bishop of Baratta, (), (Madenşehri, Karaman, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1). This is another obscure Isaurian see whose attestation is considered weak and likely a manuscript error. [NIC-240]

Stephanus, Bishop of Germanicopolis, (), (Ermenek, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-241]

Theodorus, Bishop of Vasada, (), (near Seydişehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Lat. 17), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Latin sources for the see in 'Isauria'. This entry should not be confused with the separate bishop Theodorus of Vasada in 'Pisidia' (NIC-407), who is attested in the Greek lists. [NIC-242]

Tiberius, Bishop of Ilistra, (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). Neither this bishop nor the see 'Ilistra' is attested in any of the primary critical sources or manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer, Honigmann) for Nicaea (325). [NIC-243]

Tyrannus, Bishop of Homonada, (), (near Ermenek, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 4), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Syriac sources. [NIC-244]

Mesopotamia (3)

Antiochus, Bishop of Resaina, (), (Ra's al-'Ayn, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Syriac sources, consistent with other bishops from the region. [NIC-245]

Basilius, Bishop of Amida, (Shimon (Syr.)), (Diyarbakır, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 4), , , Highly Probable
Note: The Greek name is Basilius; the Syriac name is Shimon. [NIC-246]

Jacob, Bishop of Nisibis, (), (Nusaybin, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party (Confessor), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Armenian Tradition, , , Confirmed
Note: A highly revered ascetic and saint. [NIC-247]

Osroene (5)

Abrahamius, Bishop of Carrhae, (), (Harran, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 4), , , Probable [NIC-248]

Absalom, Bishop of Batnae, (), (Suruç, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 4), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Syriac sources. [NIC-249]

Eulogius, Bishop of Edessa, (Aithallah (Syr.); Aetholus (Lat)), (Şanlıurfa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3, Lat.2), Armenian Tradition, , , Confirmed
Note: The Greek name is Eulogius; the Syriac name is Aithallah. [NIC-250]

Hypatius, Bishop of Tella, (), (Viranşehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: A famous ascetic. [NIC-251]

Mara, Bishop of Macedonopolis, (Mareas (Μαρέας)), (Location uncertain, Osroene region (near Nusaybin, Türkiye)), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 4), , , Probable
Note: Attestation is primarily from Syriac sources. [NIC-252]

Palaestina (21)

Aetius, Bishop of Lydda, (), (Lod, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-253]

Antiochus, Bishop of Capitolias, (), (Jordan), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-254]

Asclepias, Bishop of Gaza, (Asclepiades), (Gaza), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 1); Le Quien (OC III p. 654), , , Confirmed
Note: The authentic Nicene bishop of Gaza is Asclepias (Asclepiades). The name “Silvanus, Bishop of Gaza” appears in some later sources but is anachronistic and derives from confusion with the earlier martyr Silvanus of Gaza, who died before the Council of Nicaea. [NIC-255]

Eulogius, Bishop of Gaba, (), (near Haifa, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-256]

Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, (), (Caesarea, Israel), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: The famous church historian and leading moderate at Nicaea. He presented his local (Caesarean) creed as a potential compromise text, which became the structural basis for the final (modified) Nicene Creed. [NIC-257]

Gaianus, Bishop of Sebaste, (), (Samaria), (), , , , Excluded
Note: This name is a known textual variant (variatio lectionis) for the strongly attested bishop of this see, 'Marinus' (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). 'Gaianus' likely originates from a 'doublet' error in a non-primary manuscript, where both names were erroneously listed for the same bishopric. [NIC-258]

Gajanus, Bishop of Jericho, (Ianuarius; Januarius), (Jericho), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-259]

Germanus, Bishop of Neapolis, (), (Nablus), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-260]

Heliodorus, Bishop of Zabulon, (), (Galilee, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-261]

Ianuarius, Bishop of Azotus, (), (Ashdod, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). Note: Some sources (like Mullen 2004, p. 194, citing Gelzer; and Mansi's lists) list 'Silvanus' (see NIC-409) for this see. This database follows the critical tradition (Honigmann) which holds the Gk. 1 attestation for Ianuarius as the more reliable reading. [NIC-262]

Longinus, Bishop of Ascalon, (), (Ashkelon, Israel), (), , , Mullen (2004), p. 194; Honigmann (1942), Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious entry or textual variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see is Petrus (NIC-271), who is attested in the primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Mullen (2004) notes this 'Longinus' entry (citing Gelzer), but it is rejected by the Honigmann/Thompson critical methodology. [NIC-408]

Macarius, Bishop of Aelia Capitolina, (Macharius), (Jerusalem), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: A staunch Pro-Nicene advocate and a key theological opponent to his own Metropolitan, Eusebius of Caesarea. He received special honors from Emperor Constantine regarding the Holy Sepulchre. [NIC-263]

Macrinus, Bishop of Jamnia, (), (Yavne, Israel), (), , , , Excluded
Note: This is a known anachronistic error. The strongly attested bishop for this see at Nicaea (325) is 'Petrus' (NIC-272). Macrinus of Jamnea is attested at the later Council of Seleucia (359 AD) (Athanasius – De Synodis (359)). Note: Mullen (2004, p. 197), citing Gelzer, lists Macrinus as the Nicaea attendee, but this is rejected by the critical (Honigmann) tradition. [NIC-264]

Marinus, Bishop of Diocaesarea, (), (Sepphoris, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: One of two bishops named Marinus from this province. [NIC-265]

Marinus, Bishop of Sebaste, (), (Samaria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: One of two bishops named Marinus from this province. The name 'Gaianus' for this same see is a known textual variant (variatio lectionis) found in some unreliable manuscripts, likely a 'doublet' error, and is rejected by critical editions. [NIC-266]

Maximus, Bishop of Eleutheropolis, (), (Beit Guvrin, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed [NIC-267]

Patrophilus, Bishop of Scythopolis, (), (Beit She'an, Israel), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: A prominent Arian sympathizer after the council. He signed the Creed at Nicaea. [NIC-268]

Paulinus, Bishop of Maximianopolis, (), (Near Megiddo, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-269]

Petrus, Bishop of Aila, (Aelana), (Eilat/Aqaba (Israel/Jordan)), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable
Note: Attended from the southern port city on the Red Sea. Distinct from the other three bishops named Petrus from this province. [NIC-270]

Petrus, Bishop of Ascalon, (), (Ashkelon, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: One of three bishops named Petrus from this province. Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). The variant 'Longinus' (cited by Mullen 2004, p. 194, and found in some later recensions or other lists like Mansi's) is considered a textual error by the critical (Honigmann) tradition. Petrus is retained as the accepted attendee. See the 'Excluded' entry for Longinus (NIC-408) [NIC-271]

Petrus, Bishop of Jamnia, (), (Yavne, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: One of three bishops named Petrus from this province. The variant 'Macrinus' for this see is a known anachronistic error; Macrinus of Jamnea attended the later Council of Seleucia (359 AD), not Nicaea. (Athanasius–De Synodis-359) [NIC-272]

Petrus, Bishop of Nicopolis, (), (Emmaus), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: One of three bishops named Petrus from this province. [NIC-273]

Philocalus, Bishop of Ptolemais, (), (Akko, Israel), The Moderate Majority (), (Corrupt variant reading), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium) resulting from a known scribal error. This entry conflates two different, legitimate bishops from the province of Phoenicia who are listed consecutively in the primary sources (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1): Philocalus of Paneas and Aeneas of Ptolemais. The authentic bishop for the see of Ptolemais is Aeneas in Phoenica. [NIC-274]

Sabinus, Bishop of Gadara, (), (Umm Qais, Jordan), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Bishop from the prominent Decapolis city of Gadara. [NIC-275]

Silvanus, Bishop of Azotus, (), (Ashdod, Israel), (), , , Mullen (2004), p. 194; Gelzer; Honigmann (1942), Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see is Ianuarius (NIC-262), who is attested in the primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Mullen (2004) and other traditions (e.g., Mansi) list 'Silvanus', but this is rejected by the critical (Honigmann) methodology in favor of the Gk. 1 reading. [NIC-409]

Silvanus, Bishop of Gaza, (), (Gaza), (), Gelzer (Syr. 3), , , Excluded
Note: This is a widely recognized anachronistic error found in some traditions (e.g., Syr. 3). It confuses the correct bishop, Asclepias, with the earlier martyr Silvanus of Gaza (d. c. 311 AD). [NIC-276]

Zebennus, Bishop of Sozusa, (), (Jordan), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-277]

Phoenicia (15)

Aeneas, Bishop of Ptolemais, (Aineas, Aineias), (Acre (Akka), Israel), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 1); Le Quien (OC III p. 750); PLRE I p. 46, , , Confirmed
Note: The authentic Nicene bishop of Ptolemais in Phoenice is Aeneas. Some later copies erroneously list Philocalus of Ptolemais, likely a scribal confusion with Philocalus of Paneas. Ptolemais belonged to the province of Phoenice, not Palaestina Prima. [NIC-278]

Anatolius, Bishop of Emesa, (Antony; Thaddoneus), (Homs, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-279]

Ballaos, Bishop of Thelseai, (), ((Uncertain, Phoenicia)), (), Gelzer (Copt. 5, Gk. variant), , Mullen (2004), p. 204; Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable
Note: Attested in one primary manuscript tradition (Copt. 5), as well as a Greek variant (Gk. lxx). Listed by Mullen (2004) under "Possible Sites," citing Gelzer. Its presence in the primary Coptic list supports a 'Probable' classification. [NIC-411]

Eustathius, Bishop of Aradus, (), (Arwad, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Not to be confused with Eustathius of Antioch. [NIC-280]

Gregorius, Bishop of Berytus, (Gregory), (Beirut, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-281]

Hellanicus, Bishop of Tripolis, (), (Tripoli, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-282]

Joseph, Bishop of Heliopolis, (), (Baalbek, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-283]

Magnus, Bishop of Damascus, (), (Damascus, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed [NIC-284]

Marinus, Bishop of Palmyra, (Martin), (Palmyra, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-285]

Marinus, Bishop of Paneas, (), (Banias, Golan Heights), (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded [NIC-286]

Paulinus, Bishop of Tyrus, (Zeno (Gk.)), (Tyre, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Name variant: Zeno. Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-287]

Philocalus, Bishop of Paneas, (Philocalos, Philocatius; Marinus (spurious)), (Banias, Israel/Lebanon border), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 1); Le Quien (OC III p. 735), , , Confirmed
Note: The authentic Nicene bishop of Paneas is Philocalus. Some later sources list Marinus, but this is a spurious variant arising from confusion in later Syriac or Arabic copies of the episcopal lists. [NIC-288]

Salamanes, Bishop of Orthosias, (), (Lebanon), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-289]

Thalassius, Bishop of Alala, (Alalis), ((Uncertain, Syria/Lebanon border)), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: The exact location of this see is debated (sometimes placed in Syria Coele), but its inclusion in the Phoenician list is a valid interpretation of the source lists. [NIC-290]

Theodorus, Bishop of Sidon, (), (Sidon, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-291]

Zenodorus, Bishop of Antarados, (), (Tartus, Syria), (), Gelzer (Copt. 5, Gk. variant), , Mullen (2004), p. 203; Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, & Turner (1898), Probable
Note: Attested in one primary manuscript tradition (Copt. 5), as well as a Greek variant (Gk. lxx). Listed by Mullen (2004) under "Possible Sites," citing Gelzer. Its presence in the primary Coptic list supports a 'Probable' classification. [NIC-410]

Syria Coele (22)

Aedesius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (Edesius (Lat.)), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a classic example of a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). The entry is attested in a primary Syriac list (Syr. 3), but its "See" ('Coele') is not a city; it is the name of the province (Syria Coele). Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such "see-less" bishops are rejected as scribal errors. This entry is likely a confused 'doublet' (ikileme) of another bishop (perhaps Aethilas of Edessa) or simply a textual corruption where the province name was mistaken for a see. No credible independent source (e.g., Gk. 1, Sozomenus) confirms a bishop of this name for a non-existent see. [NIC-292]

Alphius, Bishop of Apamea, (Alphonsus (Lat.)), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Name variant: Alphonsus. [NIC-293]

Anatolius, Bishop of Beroea, (), (Aleppo, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Michael the Syrian, Chronicle (cf. Gelzer Syr. 3), , , Probable
Note: His name appears in the Syriac attendee lists included in the major historical chronicle written by Michael the Syrian, a 12th-century patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church. This is a primary source for the Syriac tradition. [NIC-294]

Antiochus, Bishop of Sergiopolis, (), (Resafa, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3), , , Probable [NIC-295]

Antiochus, Bishop of Sura, (), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3), , , Probable [NIC-296]

Antonius, Bishop of Barbalissus, (), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3), , , Probable [NIC-297]

Archelaus, Bishop of Doliche, (), (near Gaziantep, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-298]

Bassianus, Bishop of Raphanea, (), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-299]

Bassus, Bishop of Gabula, (Bassianus; Bassones), (Jableh, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: This entry's certainty is only 'Probable' as it appears in the Greek list (Gk. 1) but is absent from the local Syriac list (Syr. 3). It is the scholarly consensus (cf. Honigmann) that this is a scribal/textual corruption of 'Bassus of Zeugma'.. [NIC-300]

Bassus, Bishop of Zeugma, (), (near Gaziantep, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: This entry is 'Highly Probable' as it is strongly attested in multiple independent lists, including both the Greek (Gk. 1) and the crucial regional Syriac list (Syr. 3). The 'Bassus of Gabula' entry (see above) is almost certainly a copyist's error for this one, especially since ecclesiastical law forbade one bishop from holding two sees (cities) simultaneously. [NIC-301]

Cymatius, Bishop of Paltus, (), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-302]

Ethmasius, Bishop of Cyrrhus, (), (near Kilis, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). The name 'Syricius' for this see, found in some non-primary manuscripts, is considered a spurious textual variant (likely a scribal substitution for this rare name) and is excluded. [NIC-303]

Euphratius, Bishop of Balanea, (), (Syria), (), , , , Excluded
Note: This is a recognized textual variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see, attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1), is Eusebius. [NIC-304]

Eusebius, Bishop of Balanea, (), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-305]

Eustathius, Archbishop of Antioch, (), (Antakya, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Armenian Tradition, , , Confirmed
Note: Leader of the Pro-Nicene party. Metropolitan of the Diocese. The separate entry 'Eustathius of Arethusa' found in some variant lists is a spurious 'doublet' error referring to this bishop. [NIC-306]

Eustathius, Bishop of Arethusa, (), (), (), (Gk. variant / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: This is a classic 'doublet' error or textual corruption found in some non-primary manuscripts. It is a spurious entry for the historically confirmed Metropolitan, Eustathius of Antioch, who is listed from the same province. [NIC-307]

Gerontius, Bishop of Larissa, (), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-308]

Helladius, Bishop of Antaradus, (), (Tartus, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-309]

Manicius, Bishop of Epiphania, (), (Hama, Syria), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: A former Arian sympathizer who changed his stance. [NIC-310]

Manucius, Bishop of Europos, (), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3), , , Excluded [NIC-311]

Paladius, Chorepiscopus of Syria, (), (Rural region of Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in some variant lists without a see. Like Theodotus and Seleucus, likely a marginal gloss or scribal error, not a formal delegate. [NIC-312]

Paulus, Bishop of Neocaesarea, (), (Syria), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Not to be confused with Neocaesarea in Pontus. Had suffered persecution. [NIC-313]

Pegasius, Bishop of Harba-Kedem, (...), (...), (), (Non-primary variant), , , Excluded
Note: This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). Neither this bishop nor the see 'Harba-Kedem' is attested in any of the primary critical sources or manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer, Honigmann). [NIC-314]

Petrus, Bishop of Gindarus, (), (Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-315]

Phaedon, Bishop of Samosata, (Phedon (Gk.)), (near Samsat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Name variant: Phedon. Samosata was a historically important city on the Euphrates. [NIC-316]

Philoxenus, Bishop of Hierapolis, (), (Manbij, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-317]

Piperius, Bishop of Samosata, (), (near Samsat, Türkiye), (), , , , Excluded
Note: This is a recognized textual corruption (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see is Phaedon (or Phedon), who is strongly attested by primary sources (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). [NIC-318]

Salamanes, Bishop of Germanicia, (), (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-319]

Seleucus, Chorepiscopus of Syria, (), (Rural region of Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in some variant lists without a see. See notes for Paladius and Theodotus. [NIC-320]

Syricius, Bishop of Cyrrhus, (), (near Kilis, Türkiye), (), (Non-primary variant), , , Excluded
Note: This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis) for the critically accepted bishop of this see, Ethmasius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). 'Syricius' is likely a scribal substitution, where the rare name 'Ethmasius' was replaced with a more common one. [NIC-321]

Theodotus, Bishop of Laodicea, (Theodotius), (Latakia, Syria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed [NIC-322]

Theodotus, Chorepiscopus of Syria, (), (Rural region of Syria), (), Gelzer (Gk. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Appears only in a few Greek manuscript variants of the Nicene participant lists (Gelzer, Patr. Nic. Nomina, p. 58). Absent from all principal Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Armenian traditions. Likely a marginal gloss mistaken for a name, possibly inspired by Canon 10’s discussion of rural bishops (chorepiscopi). [NIC-323]

Zenobius, Bishop of Seleucia Pieria, (), (Samandağ, Türkiye), (), , , , Excluded
Note: This is a recognized textual variant (variatio lectionis) for the strongly attested bishop of this see, Zoilus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). 'Zenobius' is considered a scribal error or substitution, likely due to the phonetic similarity of the two distinct names. [NIC-324]

Zoilus, Bishop of Seleucia Pieria, (Zenobius (ΖΗΝΟΒΙΟΣ)), (Samandağ, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: The name Zenobius is a known textual variant (variatio lectionis) found in other, less reliable manuscripts. Given the orthographic similarity, 'Zenobius' is widely considered a scribal corruption of 'Zoilus' and is rejected by modern critical editions (e.g., Honigmann). [NIC-325]

Dioecesis Pannoniarum

Pannonia Secunda (1)

Domnus, Bishop of Sirmium, (), (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Lat. 2); Athanasius, , , Confirmed
Note: Attested in Latin lists as 'Domnus of Pannonia'. Crucially, his participation and orthodox (Nicene) stance are externally confirmed by Athanasius, who lists him among those later deposed by Arians. The "Domnus of Stridon" entry is a known ghost entry/scribal error. Mullen (2004, p. 178) also confirms his attendance, citing Gelzer. [NIC-326]

Dioecesis Pontica

Armenia Minor (5)

Acacius, Bishop of Melitene, (), (Malatya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-327]

Domnus, Bishop of Nicopolis, (), (near Koyulhisar, Sivas, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-328]

Erythrius, Bishop of Colonia, (), (Şebinkarahisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-329]

Eudromius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. variant / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses mistaken for attendees. [NIC-330]

Eulalius, Bishop of Sebasteia, (Eustathius (Gk.)), (Sivas, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Name variant: Eustathius [NIC-331]

Eutychianus, Bishop of Satala, (), (Sadak, Gümüşhane, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-332]

Meletius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Anachronistic Conflation), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious entry (nomen spurium), resulting from a significant historical conflation. The only attendee with this name definitively attested at Nicaea (325) is Melitius of Lycopolis (in Egypt), the leader of the Meletian Schism (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). The "Pontus" association is an anachronistic error, confusing the 325 attendee with the later, 4th-century Meletius of Antioch (d. 381), who was born in Armenia Minor (part of the Dioecesis Pontica) and famously presided over the Second Ecumenical Council (Constantinople I, 381 AD). [NIC-333]

Theophanes, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. variant / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses mistaken for attendees. [NIC-334]

Bithynia (10)

Alexander, Bishop of Prusa, (), (Bursa, Turkey), The Moderate Majority (), Michael the Syrian, Chronicle, bkz. ed. Chabot, t. II, p. 233–236, , , Probable
Note: Michael the Syrian's chronicle, a key source for Eastern traditions, includes a Bishop Alexander of Prusa in its version of the attendee list. He is absent from most Greek/Latin lists. [NIC-335]

Cyrion, Bishop of Cius, (...), (Gemlik, Türkiye), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for this see, confirmed by both Greek and Syriac traditions, is Hesychius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). [NIC-336]

Euethius, Bishop of Hadrianeia, (), (Orhaneli, Bursa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-337]

Eulalius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. [NIC-338]

Eulalius, Bishop of Apamea Myrlea, (Rufinus (Lat.)), (Mudanya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Name variant: Rufinus. [NIC-339]

Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia, (), (İzmit, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: Leader of the Eusebian faction, a key supporter of Arius. He strongly resisted the Creed but ultimately signed it under imperial pressure to avoid the immediate exile imposed on Arius, Theonas (NIC-027), and Secundus (NIC-029). He was exiled by Constantine after the council. [NIC-340]

George, Bishop of Prusias ad Hypium, (Georgios (Γεώργιος)), (Konuralp, Düzce, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-341]

Gorgonius, Bishop of Apollonias, (...), (...), (), (Gk. 1 / Lat. 2 variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This entry misrepresents the attested role. Gorgonius is correctly attested in the primary lists (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2) for Bithynia, but as a Chorepiscopus (rural bishop) without a specific city see, not as the Bishop of Apollonias. [NIC-342]

Gorgonius, Chorepiscopus of Bithynia, (), (Rural region of Bithynia, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable
Note: A "country bishop" without a specific city see. As a member of the Eusebian faction, he is understood to have signed the Creed along with his metropolitan, Eusebius of Nicomedia (NIC-340). [NIC-343]

Hesychius, Bishop of Cius, (), (Gemlik, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: The city was later renamed Prusias ad Mare. [NIC-344]

Hesychius, Bishop of Prusa, (...), (Bursa, Türkiye), (), (Gk. variant / Conflation), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a textual variant, likely a scribal 'conflation' error. The bishop attested for this see in the Syriac tradition is Alexander (cf. Michael the Syrian). The name 'Hesychius' is correctly attested for the neighboring see of Cius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). [NIC-345]

Maris, Bishop of Chalcedon, (), (Kadıköy, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: A key member of the Eusebian faction. Along with Eusebius of Nicomedia (NIC-340) and Theognis (NIC-348), he initially resisted the Creed but ultimately signed it under pressure. He was exiled by Constantine after the council. [NIC-346]

Rufus, Bishop of Kaisareia (Germanica), (), (Çayır, Bafra, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Excluded
Note: Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but this is often considered a confusion with Rufus of Caesarea in Palestine or another bishop. Excluded as doubtful. [NIC-347]

Theognis, Bishop of Nicaea, (), (İznik, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: Bishop of the host city. A key ally of Eusebius of Nicomedia (NIC-340). He initially resisted the Creed but ultimately signed it under pressure. He was exiled by Constantine after the council. [NIC-348]

Theophanes, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. [NIC-349]

Theophilus, Bishop of Hadrianopolis, (), (Bolu, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-350]

Cappadocia (5)

Ambrosius, Bishop of Comana, (...), (Şar Village, Türkiye), (), Gelzer (Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious entry (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see, attested by the primary Greek manuscript (Gelzer Gk. 1), is Elpidius. 'Ambrosius' is likely a scribal substitution from a less reliable manuscript tradition. [NIC-351]

Elpidius, Bishop of Comana, (), (Şar Village, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). The name 'Ambrosius', found in some non-primary manuscripts for this see, is a spurious variant (likely a scribal substitution) and is excluded. [NIC-352]

Eupsychius, Bishop of Garsaura, (), (Aksaray, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-353]

Eupsychius, Bishop of Tyana, (...), (Kemerhisar, Türkiye), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a common orthographic variant (variatio lectionis) for the strongly attested bishop of this see, Eutychius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3), due to the close phonetic and visual similarity of the names. [NIC-354]

Eutychius, Bishop of Tyana, (Eupsychius?), (Kemerhisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Strongly attested by both Greek (Gk. 1) and Syriac (Syr. 3) traditions. The name 'Eupsychius' is a minor orthographic variant found in some manuscripts and is excluded as a separate entry [NIC-355]

Leontius, Bishop of Caesarea, (), (Kayseri, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Armenian Tradition, , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-356]

Rhodon, Bishop of (Unknown See), (Rodo?), (...), (), (Gk. variant / Syr. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses mistaken for attendees. [NIC-357]

Stephen, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (...), (), (Gk. variant / Syr. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions (Gk./Syr. variant) without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses mistaken for attendees. [NIC-358]

Timothy, Bishop of Cybistra, (), (Ereğli, Konya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-359]

Galatia (6)

Demetrius, Bishop of Pessinus, (), (near Sivrihisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-360]

Dicaesius, Bishop of Tavium, (Eudaemon (Gk.)), (near Yozgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Name variant: Eudaemon. [NIC-361]

Erechtheus, Bishop of Egdava, (), (Location uncertain, Galatia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Syr. 3), , , Excluded
Note: Attested only in the Syriac list (Gelzer Syr. 3) for an unknown see. This is a very weak attestation and is generally excluded as a 'ghost' name. [NIC-362]

Gorgonius, Bishop of Kinna, (), (Karahamzalı, Polatlı, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable
Note: Attested in both Greek and Latin lists (Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2). This strong cross-tradition attestation makes inclusion highly probable. [NIC-363]

Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra, (), (Ankara, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), , , Confirmed
Note: A staunch anti-Arian. Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-364]

Pancharius, Bishop of Ancyra, (...), (Ankara, Türkiye), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a recognized spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The historically confirmed Metropolitan for this see is Marcellus, who is strongly attested by all major manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). [NIC-365]

Petrus, Bishop of Aspona, (), (near Çayırhan, Ankara, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-366]

Philadelphus, Bishop of Juliopolis, (), (near Nallıhan, Ankara, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-367]

Helenopontus (3)

Elpidius, Bishop of Comana, (...), (near Tokat, Türkiye), (), (Gk. variant / Conflation), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a classic 'conflation' error (variatio lectionis). The bishop Elpidius is correctly attested for Comana in Cappadocia (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). The correct bishop for this see, Comana Pontica, is Eutychius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). This spurious entry erroneously conflates the Cappadocian bishop with the Helenopontus see. [NIC-368]

Eutychianus, Bishop of Amasea, (), (Amasya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Metropolitan of the province. Province formerly named Diospontus. [NIC-369]

Eutychius, Bishop of Comana Pontica, (), (near Tokat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Not to be confused with Comana in Cappadocia. [NIC-370]

Petrus, Bishop of Amisus, (), (Samsun, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-371]

Paphlagonia (4)

Eupsychius, Bishop of Amastris, (), (Amasra, Bartın, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-372]

Hypatius, Bishop of Gangra, (), (Çankırı, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Armenian Tradition, , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. Martyred after the council by Arians. [NIC-373]

Petronius, Bishop of Ionopolis, (), (İnebolu, Kastamonu, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. [NIC-374]

Philadelphus, Bishop of Pompeiopolis, (), (Taşköprü, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Not to be confused with Sophronius of Pompeiopolis in Cilicia. [NIC-375]

Pontus Polemoniacus (3)

Domnus, Bishop of Trapezus, (), (Trabzon, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-376]

Heraclius, Bishop of Zela, (), (Zile, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable [NIC-377]

Longinus, Bishop of Neocaesarea, (), (Niksar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-378]

Dioecesis Thraciarum

Europa (7)

Acesius, Bishop of Byzantium, (...), (Istanbul, Turkey), Novatianist (Pro-Nicene aligned), Socrates Scholasticus, Hist. Eccl. (I, 10), , , Confirmed
Note: Confirmed. Acesius was not a voting delegate and thus does not appear in the primary attestation lists (e.g., Gelzer). His attendance is, however, definitively confirmed by the historian Socrates Scholasticus (Historia Ecclesiastica, Book I, Ch. 10). Socrates records that Acesius was personally summoned to the Council by Emperor Constantine. He also details the famous dialogue between Constantine and Acesius regarding the Novatian position on the 'lapsi', which confirms his presence as a non-voting invitee. [NIC-379]

Alexander, Presbyter of Byzantium, (), (Istanbul, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party (Representative), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2); Socrates Scholasticus, Hist. Eccl. I.8; Sozomen I.2; Theodoret I.7, , , Highly Probable
Note: According to Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, Alexander, presbyter of Byzantium, represented his aged bishop Metrophanes at the Council of Nicaea. This is an explicit early narrative source rather than a list entry. Byzantium at the time formed part of the Provincia Europa within the Dioecesis Thraciarum, later becoming the see of the new capital Constantinople. Alexander is thus the historically best-attested representative of Byzantium at the Council. [NIC-380]

Alexius, Bishop of Bizye, (Alexander (Gk.)), (Vize, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Name variant: Alexander. [NIC-381]

Phaedrus, Bishop of Heraclea, (...), (Marmara Ereğlisi, Türkiye), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted Metropolitan for this see (Heraclea / Perinthus) is Theodorus, who is strongly attested by all major manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). [NIC-382]

Rufinus, Bishop of Byzantium, (), (Istanbul, Turkey), (), Patrum Nicaenorum Nomina (late subscription lists; Gelzer–Hilgenfeld–Cuntz, 1898, pp. 239–240), , , Low
Note: The name Rufinus appears only in later medieval “subscription lists” of the Nicene Fathers (Patrum Nicaenorum Nomina), where Byzantium is sometimes grouped under Bithynia and sometimes under Europa. Since these lists are secondary compilations rather than contemporary signatures, the identification of Rufinus of Byzantium must be regarded as uncertain. Geographically, Byzantium in 325 belonged to Provincia Europa within the Dioecesis Thraciarum, making “Europa” the more accurate provincial attribution, even though some manuscripts place him among the Bithynian bishops. See also Duchesne, Les évêques anciens de Byzance, Échos d’Orient 2 (1899) 145–152. [NIC-383]

Theodoret, Bishop of Heraclea, (Theodoretus), (Marmaraereğlisi, Türkiye), (), (Historical Anachronism), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a historical anachronism and a different person from the attendee. Theodoret of Heraclea was prominent after 325 AD. The attested attendee from this see is Theodorus, Bishop of Heraclea (Perinthus). [NIC-384]

Theodorus, Bishop of Heraclea (Perinthus), (), (Marmaraereğlisi, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Metropolitan of the province. A key member of the Eusebian faction who ultimately signed the Creed. [NIC-385]

Theophilus, Bishop of Apri, (), (Kermeyan, Tekirdağ, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-386]

Timotheus, Bishop of Anchialus, (), (Pomorie, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable [NIC-387]

Haemimontus (1)

Eudoxius, Bishop of Hadrianopolis, (Eutropius (Gk.)), (Edirne, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable
Note: Metropolitan of the province. Name variant: Eutropius. [NIC-388]

Moesia Secunda (2)

Marcus, Bishop of Marcianopolis, (Pistus (Gk. variant)), (near Devnya, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable
Note: Metropolitan of the province. Some manuscripts list 'Pistus' as a name variant for this see. However, Mullen (2004) and Gelzer attest to a separate Bishop Pistus of Marcianopolis in 'Caria' (NIC-405), suggesting they are two different individuals. [NIC-389]

Mark, Bishop of Tomis, (...), (Constanța, Romania), (), (Gk. variant / Conflation), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a spurious entry, likely a 'conflation' error. The accepted bishop for this see is Protogenes, who is attested by the 5th-century historian Theodoret. The name 'Mark' (Marcus) is correctly attested for the neighboring Moesian see of Marcianopolis (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). [NIC-390]

Pistus, Bishop of Marcianopolis, (...), (...), (), (Gk. / Lat. variant), , , Excluded
Note: Excluded. This is a recognized orthographic corruption (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for this see (Marcianopolis, sometimes listed under Moesia Prima) is Marcus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2). 'Pistus' is a common scribal error for 'Marcus'. [NIC-391]

Protogenes, Bishop of Tomi, (), (Constanța, Romania), Pro-Nicene (Confirmed (per Theodoret)), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3); Theodoret, Hist. Eccl., , , Highly Probable
Note: Protogenes is listed in two independent primary traditions (Greek and Syriac). His attendance is also confirmed by the 5th-century historian Theodoret, who lists Protogenes as a notable Pro-Nicene attendee. [NIC-392]

Rhodope (2)

Apollonius, Bishop of Maximianopolis, (), (near Komotini, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-393]

Theodulus, Bishop of Trajanopolis, (), (Feres, Greece), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable
Note: Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-394]

Thracia (3)

Aetius, Bishop of Debeltus, (), (Debelt, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-395]

Eutychius, Bishop of Augusta Traiana, (), (Stara Zagora, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1), , , Probable [NIC-396]

Eutychius, Bishop of Philippopolis, (Viton (Lat.)), (Plovdiv, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), , , Highly Probable
Note: Name variant: Viton. Metropolitan of the province. [NIC-397]

Dioecesis Viennensis

Viennensis (0)

Verus, Bishop of Arelate, (), (Arles, France), (), Confused Tradition, , , Excluded
Note: Highly dubious. Almost certainly a confusion with the Council of Arles (314 AD)... [NIC-398]

Non-Imperial Regions

Armenia Maior (1)

Aristakes, Bishop of Armenia, (Arsaphius (variant)), (Armenia), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Armenian Tradition (Garitte); Syriac Traditions, , , Confirmed
Note: Son of Gregory the Illuminator, representing his father as Catholicos of the Armenian Church. His participation is confirmed by external Armenian historical sources (e.g., Agathangelos & Movses Khorenatsi). The name (Arsaphius of Sophene) found in some lists is a known corruption of this entry. [NIC-399]

Bosporan Kingdom (1)

Kadmos, Bishop of Pantikapaion, (Cadmus), (Kerch, Crimea), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Represents the Bosporan Kingdom. [NIC-400]

Persia and India Magna (1)

Ioannes, Bishop of Persia of Persian Gulf / India, (Yuhanon (Syr.); Hovhannes (Arm.); John), (Iran and India), The Pro-Nicene Party (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Michael the Syrian, Chronique, bkz. Chabot ed., II.233, Armenian Nicene List (Garitte, Documents arméniens du concile de Nicée, 1967), , , Confirmed
Note: The Greek/Latin name is Ioannes; the Syriac name is Yuhanon. Some Eastern sources, notably the Armenian tradition, specify that his see included (Great India,) suggesting a vast missionary episcopate extending beyond Persia. [NIC-401]

Pitsunda (1)

Stratophilus, Bishop of Pityunt, (), (Pitsunda, Georgia), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), , , Highly Probable
Note: Represents churches in the Caucasus region. [NIC-402]

Scythia / Gothia (1)

Theophilus, Bishop of the Goths of Area of the Gothia, (Petrus (Lat.); Marcus (Lat.); Philotheus), (), The Moderate Majority (), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), , , Confirmed
Note: Name variants: Petrus, Marcus. Represents Gothic Christians. A missionary bishop without a fixed urban see, though sometimes associated (perhaps incorrectly) with Tomi, the see held by Protogenes. [NIC-403]